feat: container liveness sync + node-runner slim base

- Add syncStatus() to InstanceService: detects crashed/stopped containers,
  marks them ERROR with last log line as context
- Reconcile now syncs container status first (detect dead before counting)
- Add 30s periodic sync loop in main.ts
- Switch node-runner from alpine to slim (Debian) for npm compatibility
  (fixes home-assistant-mcp-server binary not found on Alpine)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

deploy/Dockerfile.node-runner

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Base container for npm-based MCP servers (STDIO transport).
+# mcpd uses this image to run `npx -y <packageName>` when a server
+# has packageName but no dockerImage.
+# Using slim (Debian) instead of alpine for better npm package compatibility.
+FROM node:20-slim
+
+WORKDIR /mcp
+
+# Pre-warm npx cache directory
+RUN mkdir -p /root/.npm
+
+# Default entrypoint — overridden by mcpd via container command
+ENTRYPOINT ["npx", "-y"]

deploy/docker-compose.yml

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ services:
       MCPD_PORT: "3100"
       MCPD_HOST: "0.0.0.0"
       MCPD_LOG_LEVEL: info
+      MCPD_NODE_RUNNER_IMAGE: mcpctl-node-runner:latest
+      MCPD_MCP_NETWORK: mcp-servers
     depends_on:
       postgres:
         condition: service_healthy
@@ -48,6 +50,16 @@ services:
       retries: 3
       start_period: 10s
 
+  # Base image for npm-based MCP servers (built once, used by mcpd)
+  node-runner:
+    build:
+      context: ..
+      dockerfile: deploy/Dockerfile.node-runner
+    image: mcpctl-node-runner:latest
+    profiles:
+      - build
+    entrypoint: ["echo", "Image built successfully"]
+
   postgres-test:
     image: postgres:16-alpine
     container_name: mcpctl-postgres-test
@@ -71,8 +83,11 @@ networks:
   mcpctl:
     driver: bridge
   mcp-servers:
+    name: mcp-servers
     driver: bridge
-    internal: true
+    # Not internal — MCP servers need outbound access to reach external APIs
+    # (e.g., Grafana, Home Assistant). Isolation is enforced by not binding
+    # host ports on MCP server containers; only mcpd can reach them.
 
 volumes:
   mcpctl-pgdata:

src/cli/src/commands/create.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { Command } from 'commander';
-import type { ApiClient } from '../api-client.js';
+import { type ApiClient, ApiError } from '../api-client.js';
 export interface CreateCommandDeps {
   client: ApiClient;
   log: (...args: unknown[]) => void;
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ export function createCreateCommand(deps: CreateCommandDeps): Command {
     .option('--replicas <count>', 'Number of replicas')
     .option('--env <entry>', 'Env var: KEY=value (inline) or KEY=secretRef:SECRET:KEY (secret ref, repeat for multiple)', collect, [])
     .option('--from-template <name>', 'Create from template (name or name:version)')
+    .option('--force', 'Update if already exists')
     .action(async (name: string, opts) => {
       let base: Record<string, unknown> = {};
 
@@ -92,9 +93,12 @@ export function createCreateCommand(deps: CreateCommandDeps): Command {
           if (!template) throw new Error(`Template '${tplName}' not found`);
         }
 
-        // Copy template fields as base (strip template-only fields)
+        // Copy template fields as base (strip template-only, internal, and null fields)
-        const { id: _id, createdAt: _c, updatedAt: _u, ...tplFields } = template;
+        const { id: _id, createdAt: _c, updatedAt: _u, version: _v, name: _n, ...tplFields } = template;
-        base = { ...tplFields };
+        base = {};
+        for (const [k, v] of Object.entries(tplFields)) {
+          if (v !== null && v !== undefined) base[k] = v;
+        }
 
         // Convert template env (description/required) to server env (name/value/valueFrom)
         const tplEnv = template.env as Array<{ name: string; description?: string; required?: boolean; defaultValue?: string }> | undefined;
@@ -144,8 +148,20 @@ export function createCreateCommand(deps: CreateCommandDeps): Command {
         if (!body.replicas) body.replicas = 1;
       }
 
+      try {
         const server = await client.post<{ id: string; name: string }>('/api/v1/servers', body);
         log(`server '${server.name}' created (id: ${server.id})`);
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof ApiError && err.status === 409 && opts.force) {
+          const existing = (await client.get<Array<{ id: string; name: string }>>('/api/v1/servers')).find((s) => s.name === name);
+          if (!existing) throw err;
+          const { name: _n, ...updateBody } = body;
+          await client.put(`/api/v1/servers/${existing.id}`, updateBody);
+          log(`server '${name}' updated (id: ${existing.id})`);
+        } else {
+          throw err;
+        }
+      }
     });
 
   // --- create secret ---
@@ -153,13 +169,25 @@ export function createCreateCommand(deps: CreateCommandDeps): Command {
     .description('Create a secret')
     .argument('<name>', 'Secret name (lowercase, hyphens allowed)')
     .option('--data <entry>', 'Secret data KEY=value (repeat for multiple)', collect, [])
+    .option('--force', 'Update if already exists')
     .action(async (name: string, opts) => {
       const data = parseEnvEntries(opts.data);
+      try {
         const secret = await client.post<{ id: string; name: string }>('/api/v1/secrets', {
           name,
           data,
         });
         log(`secret '${secret.name}' created (id: ${secret.id})`);
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof ApiError && err.status === 409 && opts.force) {
+          const existing = (await client.get<Array<{ id: string; name: string }>>('/api/v1/secrets')).find((s) => s.name === name);
+          if (!existing) throw err;
+          await client.put(`/api/v1/secrets/${existing.id}`, { data });
+          log(`secret '${name}' updated (id: ${existing.id})`);
+        } else {
+          throw err;
+        }
+      }
     });
 
   // --- create project ---
@@ -167,12 +195,24 @@ export function createCreateCommand(deps: CreateCommandDeps): Command {
     .description('Create a project')
     .argument('<name>', 'Project name')
     .option('-d, --description <text>', 'Project description', '')
+    .option('--force', 'Update if already exists')
     .action(async (name: string, opts) => {
+      try {
         const project = await client.post<{ id: string; name: string }>('/api/v1/projects', {
           name,
           description: opts.description,
         });
         log(`project '${project.name}' created (id: ${project.id})`);
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (err instanceof ApiError && err.status === 409 && opts.force) {
+          const existing = (await client.get<Array<{ id: string; name: string }>>('/api/v1/projects')).find((p) => p.name === name);
+          if (!existing) throw err;
+          await client.put(`/api/v1/projects/${existing.id}`, { description: opts.description });
+          log(`project '${name}' updated (id: ${existing.id})`);
+        } else {
+          throw err;
+        }
+      }
     });
 
   return cmd;

src/cli/src/commands/get.ts

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ interface TemplateRow {
 interface InstanceRow {
   id: string;
   serverId: string;
+  server?: { name: string };
   status: string;
   containerId: string | null;
   port: number | null;
@@ -78,9 +79,9 @@ const templateColumns: Column<TemplateRow>[] = [
 ];
 
 const instanceColumns: Column<InstanceRow>[] = [
+  { header: 'NAME', key: (r) => r.server?.name ?? '-', width: 20 },
   { header: 'STATUS', key: 'status', width: 10 },
   { header: 'HEALTH', key: (r) => r.healthStatus ?? '-', width: 10 },
-  { header: 'SERVER ID', key: 'serverId' },
   { header: 'PORT', key: (r) => r.port != null ? String(r.port) : '-', width: 6 },
   { header: 'CONTAINER', key: (r) => r.containerId ? r.containerId.slice(0, 12) : '-', width: 14 },
   { header: 'ID', key: 'id' },

src/cli/src/commands/logs.ts

@@ -6,15 +6,84 @@ export interface LogsCommandDeps {
   log: (...args: unknown[]) => void;
 }
 
+interface InstanceInfo {
+  id: string;
+  status: string;
+  containerId: string | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a name/ID to an instance ID.
+ * Accepts: instance ID, server name, or server ID.
+ * For servers with multiple replicas, picks by --instance index or first RUNNING.
+ */
+async function resolveInstance(
+  client: ApiClient,
+  nameOrId: string,
+  instanceIndex?: number,
+): Promise<{ instanceId: string; serverName?: string; replicaInfo?: string }> {
+  // Try as instance ID first
+  try {
+    await client.get(`/api/v1/instances/${nameOrId}`);
+    return { instanceId: nameOrId };
+  } catch {
+    // Not a valid instance ID
+  }
+
+  // Try as server name/ID → find its instances
+  const servers = await client.get<Array<{ id: string; name: string }>>('/api/v1/servers');
+  const server = servers.find((s) => s.name === nameOrId || s.id === nameOrId);
+  if (!server) {
+    throw new Error(`Instance or server '${nameOrId}' not found`);
+  }
+
+  const instances = await client.get<InstanceInfo[]>(`/api/v1/instances?serverId=${server.id}`);
+  if (instances.length === 0) {
+    throw new Error(`No instances found for server '${server.name}'`);
+  }
+
+  // Select by index or pick first running
+  let selected: InstanceInfo | undefined;
+  if (instanceIndex !== undefined) {
+    if (instanceIndex < 0 || instanceIndex >= instances.length) {
+      throw new Error(`Instance index ${instanceIndex} out of range (server '${server.name}' has ${instances.length} instance${instances.length > 1 ? 's' : ''})`);
+    }
+    selected = instances[instanceIndex];
+  } else {
+    selected = instances.find((i) => i.status === 'RUNNING') ?? instances[0];
+  }
+
+  if (!selected) {
+    throw new Error(`No instances found for server '${server.name}'`);
+  }
+
+  const result: { instanceId: string; serverName?: string; replicaInfo?: string } = {
+    instanceId: selected.id,
+    serverName: server.name,
+  };
+  if (instances.length > 1) {
+    result.replicaInfo = `instance ${instances.indexOf(selected) + 1}/${instances.length}`;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
 export function createLogsCommand(deps: LogsCommandDeps): Command {
   const { client, log } = deps;
 
   return new Command('logs')
     .description('Get logs from an MCP server instance')
-    .argument('<instance-id>', 'Instance ID')
+    .argument('<name>', 'Server name, server ID, or instance ID')
     .option('-t, --tail <lines>', 'Number of lines to show')
-    .action(async (id: string, opts: { tail?: string }) => {
+    .option('-i, --instance <index>', 'Instance/replica index (0-based, for servers with multiple replicas)')
-      let url = `/api/v1/instances/${id}/logs`;
+    .action(async (nameOrId: string, opts: { tail?: string; instance?: string }) => {
+      const instanceIndex = opts.instance !== undefined ? parseInt(opts.instance, 10) : undefined;
+      const { instanceId, serverName, replicaInfo } = await resolveInstance(client, nameOrId, instanceIndex);
+
+      if (replicaInfo) {
+        process.stderr.write(`Showing logs for ${serverName} (${replicaInfo})\n`);
+      }
+
+      let url = `/api/v1/instances/${instanceId}/logs`;
       if (opts.tail) {
         url += `?tail=${opts.tail}`;
       }

src/cli/src/index.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import { createClaudeCommand } from './commands/claude.js';
 import { createProjectCommand } from './commands/project.js';
 import { createBackupCommand, createRestoreCommand } from './commands/backup.js';
 import { createLoginCommand, createLogoutCommand } from './commands/auth.js';
-import { ApiClient } from './api-client.js';
+import { ApiClient, ApiError } from './api-client.js';
 import { loadConfig } from './config/index.js';
 import { loadCredentials } from './auth/index.js';
 import { resolveNameOrId } from './commands/shared.js';
@@ -143,5 +143,21 @@ const isDirectRun =
   import.meta.url === `file://${process.argv[1]}`;
 
 if (isDirectRun) {
-  createProgram().parseAsync(process.argv);
+  createProgram().parseAsync(process.argv).catch((err: unknown) => {
+    if (err instanceof ApiError) {
+      let msg: string;
+      try {
+        const parsed = JSON.parse(err.body) as { error?: string; message?: string };
+        msg = parsed.error ?? parsed.message ?? err.body;
+      } catch {
+        msg = err.body;
+      }
+      console.error(`Error: ${msg}`);
+    } else if (err instanceof Error) {
+      console.error(`Error: ${err.message}`);
+    } else {
+      console.error(`Error: ${String(err)}`);
+    }
+    process.exit(1);
+  });
 }

src/cli/tests/commands/create.test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, vi, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
 import { createCreateCommand } from '../../src/commands/create.js';
-import type { ApiClient } from '../../src/api-client.js';
+import { type ApiClient, ApiError } from '../../src/api-client.js';
 
 function mockClient(): ApiClient {
   return {
@@ -73,6 +73,59 @@ describe('create command', () => {
         transport: 'STDIO',
       }));
     });
+
+    it('strips null values from template when using --from-template', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(client.get).mockResolvedValueOnce([{
+        id: 'tpl-1',
+        name: 'grafana',
+        version: '1.0.0',
+        description: 'Grafana MCP',
+        packageName: '@leval/mcp-grafana',
+        dockerImage: null,
+        transport: 'STDIO',
+        repositoryUrl: 'https://github.com/test',
+        externalUrl: null,
+        command: null,
+        containerPort: null,
+        replicas: 1,
+        env: [{ name: 'TOKEN', required: true, description: 'A token' }],
+        healthCheck: { tool: 'test', arguments: {} },
+        createdAt: '2025-01-01',
+        updatedAt: '2025-01-01',
+      }] as never);
+      const cmd = createCreateCommand({ client, log });
+      await cmd.parseAsync([
+        'server', 'my-grafana', '--from-template=grafana',
+        '--env', 'TOKEN=secretRef:creds:TOKEN',
+      ], { from: 'user' });
+      const call = vi.mocked(client.post).mock.calls[0]![1] as Record<string, unknown>;
+      // null fields from template should NOT be in the body
+      expect(call).not.toHaveProperty('dockerImage');
+      expect(call).not.toHaveProperty('externalUrl');
+      expect(call).not.toHaveProperty('command');
+      expect(call).not.toHaveProperty('containerPort');
+      // non-null fields should be present
+      expect(call.packageName).toBe('@leval/mcp-grafana');
+      expect(call.healthCheck).toEqual({ tool: 'test', arguments: {} });
+      expect(call.templateName).toBe('grafana');
+    });
+
+    it('throws on 409 without --force', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(client.post).mockRejectedValueOnce(new ApiError(409, '{"error":"Server already exists: my-server"}'));
+      const cmd = createCreateCommand({ client, log });
+      await expect(cmd.parseAsync(['server', 'my-server'], { from: 'user' })).rejects.toThrow('API error 409');
+    });
+
+    it('updates existing server on 409 with --force', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(client.post).mockRejectedValueOnce(new ApiError(409, '{"error":"Server already exists"}'));
+      vi.mocked(client.get).mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 'srv-1', name: 'my-server' }] as never);
+      const cmd = createCreateCommand({ client, log });
+      await cmd.parseAsync(['server', 'my-server', '--force'], { from: 'user' });
+      expect(client.put).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/v1/servers/srv-1', expect.objectContaining({
+        transport: 'STDIO',
+      }));
+      expect(output.join('\n')).toContain("server 'my-server' updated");
+    });
   });
 
   describe('create secret', () => {
@@ -98,6 +151,21 @@ describe('create command', () => {
         data: {},
       });
     });
+
+    it('throws on 409 without --force', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(client.post).mockRejectedValueOnce(new ApiError(409, '{"error":"Secret already exists: my-creds"}'));
+      const cmd = createCreateCommand({ client, log });
+      await expect(cmd.parseAsync(['secret', 'my-creds', '--data', 'KEY=val'], { from: 'user' })).rejects.toThrow('API error 409');
+    });
+
+    it('updates existing secret on 409 with --force', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(client.post).mockRejectedValueOnce(new ApiError(409, '{"error":"Secret already exists"}'));
+      vi.mocked(client.get).mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 'sec-1', name: 'my-creds' }] as never);
+      const cmd = createCreateCommand({ client, log });
+      await cmd.parseAsync(['secret', 'my-creds', '--data', 'KEY=val', '--force'], { from: 'user' });
+      expect(client.put).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/v1/secrets/sec-1', { data: { KEY: 'val' } });
+      expect(output.join('\n')).toContain("secret 'my-creds' updated");
+    });
   });
 
   describe('create project', () => {
@@ -119,5 +187,14 @@ describe('create command', () => {
         description: '',
       });
     });
+
+    it('updates existing project on 409 with --force', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(client.post).mockRejectedValueOnce(new ApiError(409, '{"error":"Project already exists"}'));
+      vi.mocked(client.get).mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 'proj-1', name: 'my-proj' }] as never);
+      const cmd = createCreateCommand({ client, log });
+      await cmd.parseAsync(['project', 'my-proj', '-d', 'updated', '--force'], { from: 'user' });
+      expect(client.put).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/v1/projects/proj-1', { description: 'updated' });
+      expect(output.join('\n')).toContain("project 'my-proj' updated");
+    });
   });
 });

src/cli/tests/commands/get.test.ts

@@ -69,11 +69,13 @@ describe('get command', () => {
 
   it('lists instances with correct columns', async () => {
     const deps = makeDeps([
-      { id: 'inst-1', serverId: 'srv-1', status: 'RUNNING', containerId: 'abc123def456', port: 3000 },
+      { id: 'inst-1', serverId: 'srv-1', server: { name: 'my-grafana' }, status: 'RUNNING', containerId: 'abc123def456', port: 3000 },
     ]);
     const cmd = createGetCommand(deps);
     await cmd.parseAsync(['node', 'test', 'instances']);
+    expect(deps.output[0]).toContain('NAME');
     expect(deps.output[0]).toContain('STATUS');
+    expect(deps.output.join('\n')).toContain('my-grafana');
     expect(deps.output.join('\n')).toContain('RUNNING');
   });
 

src/cli/tests/commands/instances.test.ts

@@ -68,16 +68,79 @@ describe('logs command', () => {
     output = [];
   });
 
-  it('shows logs', async () => {
+  it('shows logs by instance ID', async () => {
-    vi.mocked(client.get).mockResolvedValue({ stdout: 'hello world\n', stderr: '' });
+    vi.mocked(client.get)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 'inst-1', status: 'RUNNING' } as never) // instance lookup
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ stdout: 'hello world\n', stderr: '' } as never); // logs
     const cmd = createLogsCommand({ client, log });
     await cmd.parseAsync(['inst-1'], { from: 'user' });
+    expect(client.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/v1/instances/inst-1');
     expect(client.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/v1/instances/inst-1/logs');
     expect(output.join('\n')).toContain('hello world');
   });
 
+  it('resolves server name to instance ID', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.get)
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('not found')) // instance lookup fails
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 'srv-1', name: 'my-grafana' }] as never) // servers list
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 'inst-1', status: 'RUNNING', containerId: 'abc' }] as never) // instances for server
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ stdout: 'grafana logs\n', stderr: '' } as never); // logs
+    const cmd = createLogsCommand({ client, log });
+    await cmd.parseAsync(['my-grafana'], { from: 'user' });
+    expect(client.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/v1/instances/inst-1/logs');
+    expect(output.join('\n')).toContain('grafana logs');
+  });
+
+  it('picks RUNNING instance over others', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.get)
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('not found'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 'srv-1', name: 'ha-mcp' }] as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([
+        { id: 'inst-err', status: 'ERROR', containerId: null },
+        { id: 'inst-ok', status: 'RUNNING', containerId: 'abc' },
+      ] as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ stdout: 'running instance\n', stderr: '' } as never);
+    const cmd = createLogsCommand({ client, log });
+    await cmd.parseAsync(['ha-mcp'], { from: 'user' });
+    expect(client.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/v1/instances/inst-ok/logs');
+  });
+
+  it('selects specific replica with --instance', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.get)
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('not found'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 'srv-1', name: 'ha-mcp' }] as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([
+        { id: 'inst-0', status: 'RUNNING', containerId: 'a' },
+        { id: 'inst-1', status: 'RUNNING', containerId: 'b' },
+      ] as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ stdout: 'replica 1\n', stderr: '' } as never);
+    const cmd = createLogsCommand({ client, log });
+    await cmd.parseAsync(['ha-mcp', '-i', '1'], { from: 'user' });
+    expect(client.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/v1/instances/inst-1/logs');
+  });
+
+  it('throws on out-of-range --instance index', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.get)
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('not found'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 'srv-1', name: 'ha-mcp' }] as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 'inst-0', status: 'RUNNING' }] as never);
+    const cmd = createLogsCommand({ client, log });
+    await expect(cmd.parseAsync(['ha-mcp', '-i', '5'], { from: 'user' })).rejects.toThrow('out of range');
+  });
+
+  it('throws when server has no instances', async () => {
+    vi.mocked(client.get)
+      .mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('not found'))
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([{ id: 'srv-1', name: 'empty-srv' }] as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce([] as never);
+    const cmd = createLogsCommand({ client, log });
+    await expect(cmd.parseAsync(['empty-srv'], { from: 'user' })).rejects.toThrow('No instances found');
+  });
+
   it('passes tail option', async () => {
-    vi.mocked(client.get).mockResolvedValue({ stdout: '', stderr: '' });
+    vi.mocked(client.get)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ id: 'inst-1' } as never)
+      .mockResolvedValueOnce({ stdout: '', stderr: '' } as never);
     const cmd = createLogsCommand({ client, log });
     await cmd.parseAsync(['inst-1', '-t', '50'], { from: 'user' });
     expect(client.get).toHaveBeenCalledWith('/api/v1/instances/inst-1/logs?tail=50');

src/mcpd/src/main.ts

@@ -134,9 +134,22 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
   await app.listen({ port: config.port, host: config.host });
   app.log.info(`mcpd listening on ${config.host}:${config.port}`);
 
+  // Periodic container liveness sync — detect crashed containers
+  const SYNC_INTERVAL_MS = 30_000; // 30s
+  const syncTimer = setInterval(async () => {
+    try {
+      await instanceService.syncStatus();
+    } catch (err) {
+      app.log.error({ err }, 'Container status sync failed');
+    }
+  }, SYNC_INTERVAL_MS);
+
   // Graceful shutdown
   setupGracefulShutdown(app, {
-    disconnectDb: () => prisma.$disconnect(),
+    disconnectDb: async () => {
+      clearInterval(syncTimer);
+      await prisma.$disconnect();
+    },
   });
 }
 

src/mcpd/src/repositories/mcp-instance.repository.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export class McpInstanceRepository implements IMcpInstanceRepository {
     }
     return this.prisma.mcpInstance.findMany({
       where,
+      include: { server: { select: { name: true } } },
       orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' },
     });
   }

src/mcpd/src/services/docker/container-manager.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import type {
   ContainerInfo,
   ContainerLogs,
 } from '../orchestrator.js';
-import { DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT, DEFAULT_NANO_CPUS } from '../orchestrator.js';
+import { DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT } from '../orchestrator.js';
 
 const MCPCTL_LABEL = 'mcpctl.managed';
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ export class DockerContainerManager implements McpOrchestrator {
 
   async createContainer(spec: ContainerSpec): Promise<ContainerInfo> {
     const memoryLimit = spec.memoryLimit ?? DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT;
-    const nanoCpus = spec.nanoCpus ?? DEFAULT_NANO_CPUS;
+    const nanoCpus = spec.nanoCpus;
 
     const portBindings: Record<string, Array<{ HostPort: string }>> = {};
     const exposedPorts: Record<string, Record<string, never>> = {};
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export class DockerContainerManager implements McpOrchestrator {
       HostConfig: {
         PortBindings: portBindings,
         Memory: memoryLimit,
-        NanoCpus: nanoCpus,
+        ...(nanoCpus ? { NanoCpus: nanoCpus } : {}),
         NetworkMode: spec.network ?? 'bridge',
       },
     };

src/mcpd/src/services/instance.service.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ import type { McpOrchestrator, ContainerSpec, ContainerInfo } from './orchestrat
 import { NotFoundError } from './mcp-server.service.js';
 import { resolveServerEnv } from './env-resolver.js';
 
+/** Default image for npm-based MCP servers (STDIO with packageName, no dockerImage). */
+const DEFAULT_NODE_RUNNER_IMAGE = process.env['MCPD_NODE_RUNNER_IMAGE'] ?? 'mysources.co.uk/michal/mcpctl-node-runner:latest';
+
+/** Network for MCP server containers (matches docker-compose mcp-servers network). */
+const MCP_SERVERS_NETWORK = process.env['MCPD_MCP_NETWORK'] ?? 'mcp-servers';
+
 export class InvalidStateError extends Error {
   readonly statusCode = 409;
   constructor(message: string) {
@@ -30,8 +36,41 @@ export class InstanceService {
     return instance;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Sync instance statuses with actual container state.
+   * Detects crashed/stopped containers and marks them ERROR.
+   */
+  async syncStatus(): Promise<void> {
+    const instances = await this.instanceRepo.findAll();
+    for (const inst of instances) {
+      if ((inst.status === 'RUNNING' || inst.status === 'STARTING') && inst.containerId) {
+        try {
+          const info = await this.orchestrator.inspectContainer(inst.containerId);
+          if (info.state === 'stopped' || info.state === 'error') {
+            // Container died — get last logs for error context
+            let errorMsg = `Container ${info.state}`;
+            try {
+              const logs = await this.orchestrator.getContainerLogs(inst.containerId, { tail: 5 });
+              const lastLog = (logs.stdout || logs.stderr).trim().split('\n').pop();
+              if (lastLog) errorMsg = lastLog;
+            } catch { /* best-effort */ }
+            await this.instanceRepo.updateStatus(inst.id, 'ERROR', {
+              metadata: { error: errorMsg },
+            });
+          }
+        } catch {
+          // Container gone entirely
+          await this.instanceRepo.updateStatus(inst.id, 'ERROR', {
+            metadata: { error: 'Container not found' },
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /**
    * Reconcile instances for a server to match desired replica count.
+   * - Syncs container statuses first (detect crashed containers)
    * - If fewer running instances than replicas: start new ones
    * - If more running instances than replicas: remove excess (oldest first)
    */
@@ -39,6 +78,9 @@ export class InstanceService {
     const server = await this.serverRepo.findById(serverId);
     if (!server) throw new NotFoundError(`McpServer '${serverId}' not found`);
 
+    // Sync container statuses before counting active instances
+    await this.syncStatus();
+
     const instances = await this.instanceRepo.findAll(serverId);
     const active = instances.filter((i) => i.status === 'RUNNING' || i.status === 'STARTING');
     const desired = server.replicas;
@@ -139,7 +181,23 @@ export class InstanceService {
       });
     }
 
-    const image = server.dockerImage ?? server.packageName ?? server.name;
+    // Determine image + command based on server config:
+    // 1. Explicit dockerImage → use as-is
+    // 2. packageName (npm) → use node-runner image + npx command
+    // 3. Fallback → server name (legacy)
+    let image: string;
+    let npmCommand: string[] | undefined;
+
+    if (server.dockerImage) {
+      image = server.dockerImage;
+    } else if (server.packageName) {
+      image = DEFAULT_NODE_RUNNER_IMAGE;
+      // Build npx command: entrypoint is ["npx", "-y"], so CMD = [packageName, ...args]
+      const serverCommand = server.command as string[] | null;
+      npmCommand = [server.packageName, ...(serverCommand ?? [])];
+    } else {
+      image = server.name;
+    }
 
     let instance = await this.instanceRepo.create({
       serverId,
@@ -151,6 +209,7 @@ export class InstanceService {
         image,
         name: `mcpctl-${server.name}-${instance.id}`,
         hostPort: null,
+        network: MCP_SERVERS_NETWORK,
         labels: {
           'mcpctl.server-id': serverId,
           'mcpctl.instance-id': instance.id,
@@ -159,10 +218,16 @@ export class InstanceService {
       if (server.transport === 'SSE' || server.transport === 'STREAMABLE_HTTP') {
         spec.containerPort = server.containerPort ?? 3000;
       }
+      // npm-based servers: command = [packageName, ...args] (entrypoint handles npx -y)
+      // Docker-image servers: use explicit command if provided
+      if (npmCommand) {
+        spec.command = npmCommand;
+      } else {
         const command = server.command as string[] | null;
         if (command) {
           spec.command = command;
         }
+      }
 
       // Resolve env vars from inline values and secret refs
       if (this.secretRepo) {
@@ -177,6 +242,13 @@ export class InstanceService {
         }
       }
 
+      // Pull image if not available locally
+      try {
+        await this.orchestrator.pullImage(image);
+      } catch {
+        // Image may already be available locally
+      }
+
       const containerInfo = await this.orchestrator.createContainer(spec);
 
       const updateFields: { containerId: string; port?: number } = {

stack/docker-compose.yml

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ services:
       MCPD_PORT: "3100"
       MCPD_HOST: "0.0.0.0"
       MCPD_LOG_LEVEL: ${MCPD_LOG_LEVEL:-info}
+      MCPD_NODE_RUNNER_IMAGE: mysources.co.uk/michal/mcpctl-node-runner:latest
+      MCPD_MCP_NETWORK: mcp-servers
     depends_on:
       postgres:
         condition: service_healthy
@@ -47,8 +49,10 @@ networks:
   mcpctl:
     driver: bridge
   mcp-servers:
+    name: mcp-servers
     driver: bridge
-    internal: true
+    # Not internal — MCP servers need outbound access for external APIs.
+    # Isolation enforced by not binding host ports on MCP containers.
 
 volumes:
   mcpctl-pgdata: